Khi nhà Trần suy vong, Ho Quy Ly usurped the throne and established the Ho Dynasty (1400-1407). He set up a new capital in Thanh Hoa, named “Tay Do” (Western Capital), and renamed Thang Long “Dong Do” (Eastern Capital). But six years later, the Ming of China waged an aggression war against Dai Viet (Việt Nam) with an 80,000-strong army. The war of resistance led by the Ho Dynasty failed and Hanoi, occupied by the enemy, was renamed Dong Quan. In a deliberate attempt to undermine Vietnamese culture, the invaders destroyed the Quy Dien bell of one-Pillar Pagoda, and the bell in the tower of Bao Thien Pagoda, and the bell in the tower of Bao Thien Pagoda to get bronze for weapons. Many books and stone steles were also destroyed.
The people of Thang Long staged many insurrections. Trong 1410, there were some uprisings in Tu Liem and Thanh Oai led by Le Nhị, in Thanh Tri led by Le Khang. Trong 1418, Le Loi became the leader of an uprising in Lam Son (Thanh Hoa Province). After liberating the South, the insurgent troops attacked Dong Quan in 1426. After 400 ngày và đêm (22nd November 1426 – 3rd January 1428), the campaign to liberate Dong Quan was successful. Many places were associated with this event such as the headquarters of Le Loi at Tay Phu Liet, Dong Phu Liet and Bo De, the battlefields at the Nhan Muc bridge, Me Tri, Cao Dong and the square south of Dong Quan Citadel, where the Ming troops swore to withdraw to their country. on 3rd January 1428, the last of the Ming force left the City.